Essential Knowledge20 min read

Technical Indicators Guide

Master 80+ indicators from RSI and MACD to advanced tools. Learn which indicators work, how to combine them, and common mistakes to avoid.

What Are Technical Indicators?

Technical indicators are mathematical calculations based on historical price, volume, or open interest data. They help identify patterns, trends, momentum, and potential trading opportunities.

Think of indicators as tools that translate raw price data into actionable insights. Instead of staring at candlestick charts trying to spot patterns, indicators do the math for you and signal when specific conditions are met.

How Indicators Work

  • Input: Price, volume, or open interest data
  • Calculation: Mathematical formula processes the data
  • Output: Visual representation (line, histogram, bands)
  • Signal: Crossovers, thresholds, or divergences indicate trading opportunities

Indicator Categories

Indicators fall into 5 main categories. Use one from each category for a balanced strategy:

1. Trend Indicators

Identify market direction (uptrend, downtrend, sideways)

Popular Trend Indicators:

  • Moving Averages (SMA, EMA): Average price over period
  • MACD: Momentum and trend combined
  • Supertrend: Dynamic support/resistance based on ATR
  • Parabolic SAR: Stop and reverse points
  • Ichimoku Cloud: Comprehensive trend system

2. Momentum Indicators

Measure speed and strength of price movements

Popular Momentum Indicators:

  • RSI (14): Overbought/oversold on 0-100 scale
  • Stochastic (14,3,3): Price position relative to range
  • CCI (20): Commodity Channel Index for extremes
  • Williams %R (14): Similar to Stochastic
  • ROC: Rate of change percentage

3. Volatility Indicators

Measure price fluctuation intensity and risk

Popular Volatility Indicators:

  • Bollinger Bands (20,2): Price bands based on std dev
  • ATR (14): Average True Range for volatility
  • Keltner Channels: ATR-based price channels
  • Donchian Channels: High/low price channels
  • Chandelier Exit: Volatility-based trailing stop

4. Volume Indicators

Analyze trading volume to confirm price moves

Popular Volume Indicators:

  • Volume: Simple trading volume bars
  • OBV: On Balance Volume cumulative indicator
  • VWAP: Volume Weighted Average Price
  • MFI (14): Money Flow Index (volume + price)
  • CMF (20): Chaikin Money Flow

5. Support/Resistance Indicators

Identify key price levels and potential reversals

Popular S/R Indicators:

  • Pivot Points: Daily/weekly key levels
  • Fibonacci Retracement: 23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8% levels
  • Support/Resistance Lines: Historical price barriers
  • Price Channels: Parallel support/resistance lines

Top 10 Most Popular Indicators

1. RSI (Relative Strength Index)

What It Does:

Measures momentum on 0-100 scale. Shows overbought (>70) and oversold (<30) conditions.

Best Settings:

RSI(14) is standard. Use RSI(7) for faster signals, RSI(21) for smoother.

How to Use:

  • • Buy when RSI < 30 (oversold)
  • • Sell when RSI > 70 (overbought)
  • • RSI divergence signals trend reversal
  • • RSI > 50 = bullish, < 50 = bearish

2. Moving Averages (SMA, EMA)

What They Do:

Average price over time period. SMA = simple average, EMA = weighted toward recent prices.

Best Settings:

EMA(20), EMA(50), SMA(200). Golden Cross = EMA(50) > SMA(200).

How to Use:

  • • Price > MA = uptrend
  • • Price < MA = downtrend
  • • Fast MA crosses above slow MA = buy
  • • Fast MA crosses below slow MA = sell

3. MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)

What It Does:

Shows relationship between two EMAs (12, 26). Has signal line (9 EMA) and histogram.

Best Settings:

MACD(12,26,9) is standard. Don't change unless testing thoroughly.

How to Use:

  • • MACD crosses above signal = buy
  • • MACD crosses below signal = sell
  • • Histogram growing = trend strengthening
  • • MACD divergence = potential reversal

4. Bollinger Bands

What It Does:

Three lines: middle (SMA), upper and lower bands (2 standard deviations). Shows volatility.

Best Settings:

BB(20,2) standard. Bands expand in volatility, contract in calm periods.

How to Use:

  • • Price at lower band = potential buy
  • • Price at upper band = potential sell
  • • Bands contracting = volatility coming
  • • Price outside bands = extreme move

5. Stochastic Oscillator

What It Does:

Compares closing price to price range over period. Scale 0-100. Two lines: %K and %D.

Best Settings:

Stochastic(14,3,3) or (5,3,3) for faster signals.

How to Use:

  • • > 80 = overbought
  • • < 20 = oversold
  • • %K crosses above %D = buy signal
  • • Works best in ranging markets

Other Top Indicators (6-10):

  • ATR (Average True Range): Measures volatility, essential for stop loss placement
  • VWAP: Institutional trading benchmark, key for day trading
  • Fibonacci Retracement: Key support/resistance levels (38.2%, 50%, 61.8%)
  • Ichimoku Cloud: All-in-one system showing trend, momentum, support/resistance
  • Supertrend: Simple buy/sell signals based on ATR, excellent for trending markets

How to Choose Indicators

Match Indicators to Strategy Type

Strategy TypeRecommended IndicatorsWhy
Trend FollowingMoving Averages, MACD, SupertrendIdentify and ride strong trends
Mean ReversionRSI, Stochastic, Bollinger BandsFind overbought/oversold extremes
Breakout TradingBollinger Bands, ATR, VolumeDetect volatility expansion
ScalpingEMA, VWAP, ATRFast signals, institutional levels
Swing TradingRSI, MACD, Moving AveragesMulti-day trend and momentum

Rule 1: Choose Complementary Indicators

Don't use multiple indicators from the same category. Combine trend + momentum + volatility for comprehensive analysis. Example: EMA (trend) + RSI (momentum) + ATR (volatility).

Rule 2: Start Simple, Add Selectively

Begin with 1-2 indicators. Only add more if it clearly improves results. Most successful traders use 2-3 indicators maximum.

Rule 3: Match Timeframe to Indicator

Shorter timeframes need faster indicators (RSI 7, EMA 9). Longer timeframes use slower settings (RSI 14, SMA 200). Don't use daily settings on 5-minute charts.

Effective Indicator Combinations

Combination 1: RSI + Moving Averages (Beginner)

Indicators:

  • • RSI(14)
  • • EMA(20)
  • • EMA(50)

Entry Rule:

Buy when: RSI < 30 AND price > EMA(20) AND EMA(20) > EMA(50)

Why it works: RSI finds oversold conditions while MAs confirm trend. Only buys dips in uptrends.

Combination 2: MACD + Bollinger Bands (Intermediate)

Indicators:

  • • MACD(12,26,9)
  • • Bollinger Bands(20,2)

Entry Rule:

Buy when: Price touches lower BB AND MACD crosses above signal line

Why it works: BB identifies extreme prices, MACD confirms momentum shift. Double confirmation reduces false signals.

Combination 3: Supertrend + RSI + Volume (Advanced)

Indicators:

  • • Supertrend(10,3)
  • • RSI(14)
  • • Volume

Entry Rule:

Buy when: Supertrend flips green AND RSI > 50 AND volume > 20-day average

Why it works: Supertrend identifies trend change, RSI confirms bullish momentum, volume validates the move. Triple confirmation for high-probability trades.

Common Mistakes

Using Too Many Indicators

More isn't better. Using 10+ indicators causes analysis paralysis and conflicting signals. Stick to 2-5 complementary indicators. If you can't explain why each indicator is essential, remove it.

Using Redundant Indicators

RSI + Stochastic + CCI all measure momentum - they'll give same signals. Choose one momentum indicator, not three. Same goes for using SMA(20), EMA(20), and DEMA(20) together - they're redundant.

Changing Settings Constantly

Tweaking RSI from 14 to 13 to 15 daily is curve-fitting. Standard settings (RSI 14, MACD 12-26-9, BB 20-2) exist for a reason - they're tested across decades. Only change if you have statistical evidence it improves your specific strategy.

Ignoring Market Context

Oscillators (RSI, Stochastic) work in ranging markets but fail in strong trends - they'll show "overbought" during entire uptrends. Trend indicators (MAs) work in trending markets but whipsaw sideways. Know which indicators match current conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are technical indicators?

Technical indicators are mathematical calculations based on price, volume, or open interest data. They help traders identify trends, momentum, volatility, and potential entry/exit points. Examples include RSI, MACD, Moving Averages, and Bollinger Bands.

What is the best technical indicator?

There is no single "best" indicator. The most effective approach is combining 2-3 indicators from different categories: one for trend (like Moving Averages), one for momentum (like RSI), and optionally one for volatility (like Bollinger Bands). Popular combinations include RSI + Moving Averages, MACD + RSI, or Bollinger Bands + RSI.

How many indicators should I use?

Use 2-5 indicators maximum. More indicators create conflicting signals and analysis paralysis. Choose indicators from different categories that complement each other. For example: EMA (trend) + RSI (momentum) + ATR (volatility) is a good three-indicator combination.

What is RSI and how do you use it?

RSI (Relative Strength Index) measures momentum on a scale of 0-100. RSI above 70 indicates overbought conditions (potential reversal down), while RSI below 30 indicates oversold conditions (potential reversal up). RSI 14-period is the standard setting. Use RSI divergence for stronger signals.

What is MACD and how does it work?

MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) shows the relationship between two moving averages (12-period and 26-period EMAs). When the MACD line crosses above the signal line, it generates a bullish signal. When it crosses below, it generates a bearish signal. The histogram shows the strength of the trend.

Should I use leading or lagging indicators?

Both. Leading indicators (RSI, Stochastic) predict potential reversals but have more false signals. Lagging indicators (Moving Averages, MACD) confirm trends but react slower. Use one leading + one lagging for balance: leading spots opportunities, lagging confirms them.

Can indicators guarantee profits?

No. Indicators are tools, not crystal balls. They show probabilities, not certainties. Even the best indicator combinations produce losing trades. Success comes from combining indicators with proper risk management, position sizing, and disciplined execution. Always backtest before trading live.

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